Primary battery.



K. HEINTZ.

PRIMARY BATTERY. APPLIoA'rIoN FILED 11110.20, 1007.

Patented oct.20,19oa.

W1 'TA/5555 cist subjectofthe cells brittle land useless` If such cells are intended for constant use', then it is im ossible i "to use the customary 5 sulfuric aci as ex- I To all wscmjt muy coment:

from the fact that a s UNITED.

KARL HEINTZ, 0F MUNICH, GERMANY.

PBIKABY BATTERY.

Vspecificaties or Latem Patent.

Aplldnllell December 26, 1907. Serial Re. $8,128.y

Be it known that I, Hman, p h si- Kmgo avaria resi mg at Munich, 2 Maxinhanstrasse, ermany, lhave-invented new and useful Improvements in and Relating to Prim Batteries, of which the following is a speclfication.

The invention concerns primarily the 'use of nitric acid in the rmanently combined cell. Hitherto such cells, which were working with a claycellseparating the exciting.

from the depolarzmg solution, had to be completely taken apart after use, orvit was, at least, necessaryto remove the zinc from the solution as otherwise the two solutions diffused into one another and the nitric acid had direct-access to the zinc, which caused considerable losses. On the other hand, on account of its energetic action, its lowprice and thefact 4that it does not, like chromic acid, makethe cell filthy withproducts cfdecomposition, nitric acid shows considerable advanta es over the hitherto customary constant ce] s, such as ma anese di-oxid, Daniell and cop r oxid ce It is, therefore, desirable to e able to use nitric acid in cells which may be operated just as convenientl and to make it unnecess to takethe cells to pieces after use. Furt crmore, it is the aim of the invention to decrease the amount of nitric acid used by making a better use of its oxygen. This is accomp ished by using, instead of concentrated nitric acid, a solution of sulfuric acid of 30% or more mixed with nitric acid. This mixture is cheaper than nitric acid and depolarizes just as well. The cell is only then exhausted when the nitric acid is entire'ly used u which may be seen furie acidsolution of the above concentration withabout, 2% nitric acid depolarizes readily and giyes the cell a tension of from 1.75 to 1.8 volt. then suiiices to add concentrated nitric and sulfuric acid in order to rnakelthe cell again effective; it is not necess in this connection to pour out the exhausted ydepolarizing solution which now almost .wholly consists only of sulfuric acid.` However, Asuch solu-` tions cannot'be used in the usual clay-cells* since, on account'of the addition 'of sulfuric acid, th4 diffuse strongly'and the sulfuric acid wo d, moreover, soon render the clayciting solution, since s c acid becomes at length harmful also to amalgamated zinc; there remains, therefore, only the use of neutral salt solutions, and it is of eat impprltance to event any diiusion free sul- 'c acid t ugh the diaphragm. As has been said, ,clay-cells cannot be used for this purpose. 0n the other hand, the use of caron diaphragms in connection with chromic acid or nitric acid has up to this time -not yielded any satisfactory results, since these acids even in moderate dilution no longerA de olarize.

ince the cells assume a tension which corresponds to the potential of,y the carbon wall facmg the exciting solution and since aconsiderable dilution of the depolarizer takes place at this wall, it is clear that a satisfactory depolarization cannot be obtained. If now, as in the above indicated manner, a mixture composed of nitric acid and sulfuric acid is used in a carbon diaphragm, there arises as a new henomenon the dlffusion which is increasedJ by the water-drawing sulfuric acid, which causes a stronger penetration of the carbon diaphra m and which, besides, on account of the in uence which it exerts upon the nitric acid, maintains the potential o the outer wall ofthe carbon, and, thereby, the electro-motive force of the cell. On the other hand, the thick carbon wall decreases the harmful excessive dilusion of sulfuric acid and the `above mentioned purpose is- Patented Oct. 20, 1908.

exciting solution'is shown at g, which carries at its upper end an annular cover d. Upon thisis supported the carbon k, which is in the shape of a hollow cylinder provided with a terminal m. Carried by suitable supports shown at h is a ring z n of zinc, the Support being adapted to hold the zinc at thetop of the exciting solution. a designates the impermeable part of the carbon and Ab the lower permeable poart which serves as a dia 'hragm.

In order conveniently effect thes rnsth ening of the exciting depolarizing mixture,

, the latter' exhaustive fluid which is contained within the ace n within the carbon, I provide a lass r aving a cork s and two glass tubes II, the former of which extends only sli htly within the walls at one end while the atter extends through the cork to .the bottom of the vessel r.

These tubes I, II are of unequal length and,

the shorter one. is provided with a rubber portion f which ma be pinched by the finrs to serve as a va ve and when so pinched e vessel 'r may be inverted to bring the tubes I, II into the position shown in the drawings, whereupon the release of the pinche ortionf will cause heavy regenerative ilui to ow down through the tube 1, passing upward through the tube 2.

Having thus described my invention what claim isz- 4 1. vA galvanic cell of the Bunsen type, cori- KARL HEINTZ.

Witnesses: i

WOLDEMAR HAUPT, HENRY HAsPER 

